The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of racially offensive comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racism in professional rugby brought his career to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really hoped to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word emerged that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and understand that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has given significant attention on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to reach children in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive both on the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident others will become about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I grab the bull by the horns and keep carrying this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and accomplish what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that the sport has the ability to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022